Waterways & Airways

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 Waterways

Cheapest means of transport and is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky material.

Inland
  • India has inland navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length. Contribute 1% to the country’s transportation
  • Only 5685 km are navigable by mechanized vessels.
  • development, maintenance and regulation of national waterways in the country,
  • the Inland Waterways Authority was set up in 1986
  • National Water ways
  • Backwaters (Kadal) of Kerala has special significance in Inland Waterway – Nehru Trophy Boat Race (VALLAMKALI)
  • Inland water ways - Mandavi, Zuari and Cumberjua, Sunderbans, Barak and backwaters of Kerala
Oversea
  • 95 % of the country’s trade volume (68 % in terms of value) is moved by sea.
  • Coastline of 7,516.6 km. 12 major and 200 notified non-majors (minor/intermediate) ports.
  • Kandla Port in Kuchchh
    • First port developed soon after Independence to ease Volume of trade on the Mumbai port, in the wake of loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition. Kandla also known as Deendayal Port, is a tidal port.
    • Caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru port - view to decongest the Mumbai port.
  • Marmagao port (Goa) is the premier iron ore exporting port. 50% of India’s iron ore export.
  • Mangalore port, located in Karnataka caters to the export of iron ore concentrates from Kudremukh mines.
  • Kochchi port is the extreme south-western port, located at entrance of a lagoon with a natural harbour
  • South-eastern port of Tuticorin, in Tamil Nadu natural harbor and rich hinterland. handling of a large variety of cargoes.
  • Chennai is one of the oldest artificial ports. Ranked next to Mumba Port.
  • Vishakhapatnam port is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port.
  • Paradwip port located in Odisha, export of iron ore.
  • Kolkata Port is an inland riverine port.
  • Haldia port was developed as a subsidiary port to Kolkata port.
Airways
  • Beginning in 1911 - 10 km between Allahabad and Naini.
  • Air transport was nationalised in 1953.
  • The Airport Authority of India is responsible for providing safe, efficient air traffic and aeronautical communication services in the Indian Air Space. The authority manages 125 airports.
  • Air transport in India is managed by Air India. Many private companies have also started passenger services.
  • In 2010, domestic movement, 520.21 lakh passengers & about 23 lakh metric tonnes of cargo.
  • Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd - helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in its off-shore operations & Also operating in hilly areas and is widely used by tourists in north-eastern sector.
  • Air travel is not within the reach of the common people. It is only in the north-eastern states that special provisions are made to extend the services to the common people.

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