The Ganga River System

-
  • ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier near Gaumukh (3900 m) in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand,
  • At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda (Source in Satopanth glacier above Badrinath); hereafter, it is known as the Ganga.
  • Alaknanda consists of the Dhauli and the Vishnu Ganga meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag.
  • Other tributaries of Alaknanda - Pindar joins it at Karna Prayag while Mandakini or Kali Ganga meets it at Rudra Prayag
  • Haridwar – Emerged mountain to plain.
  • Joined by Himalayas tributaries - the Yamuna (Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas), & the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi & the Mahananda rise in the Nepal Himalaya. (These Rivers flood parts of the northern plains).
  • Yamuna
    • Western most and the longest tributary of the Ganga, source Yamunotri glacier. Ganga & Yamuna meet at Prayag (Allahabad).
    • Main tributaries, which come from the peninsular uplands, are the Chambal, the Betwa, the Son & the Ken join in right bank.
    • The Hindan, the Rind, the Sengar, the Varuna, etc. join it on its left bank.
  • Chambal
    • Rises near Mhow in the Malwa plateau of Madhya Pradesh. Flow northward.
    • Gandhisagar dam has been constructed.
    • From Kota, it traverses down to Bundi, Sawai Madhopur and Dholpur, and finally joins the Yamuna.
    • Chambal ravines – Badland tropography.
  • Gandak
    • Rise in nepal Himalayas between the Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest and drains the central part of Nepal.
    • Comprises two streams, namely Kaligandak and Trishulganga.
    • Joins the Ganga at Sonpur near Patna.
  • Ghaghara
    • Originates in the glaciers of Mapchachungo.
    • Collecting water from tributaries - Tila, Seti and Beri.
    • Comes out of the mountain, cutting a deep gorge at Shishapani. The river Sarda (Kali or Kali Ganga) joins it in the plain before it finally meets the Ganga at Chhapra.
  • Kosi
    • Main stream Arun rises in North of Mount Everest in Tibet. joined by the Son Kosi from the West & Tamur Kosi from the east.
    • Form Sapt Kosi.
  • Ramganga
    • Rising in the Garhwal hills near Gairsain.
    • joins the Ganga near Kannauj.
  • Damodar (‘sorrow of Bengal’)
    • Eastern margins of the Chotanagpur Plateau.
    • Flow through a rift valley and finally joins the Hugli.
      • Barakar is its main tributary
  • Sarda or Saryu river
    • Rises in the Milam glacier in the Nepal Himalayas.
    • Along the Indo-Nepal border, it is called Kali or Chauk.
    • Joins the Ghaghara.
  • Mahananda
    • Rising in the Darjiling hills.
    • Joins the Ganga as its last left bank tributary in West Bengal.
  • Son
    • Originating in the Amarkantak plateau.
    • Series of waterfalls.
    • Reaches Arrah, west of Patna, to join the Ganga
  • Flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal (northernmost point of the Ganga delta).
  • River bifurcates - Bhagirathi-Hooghly.
    • One flows southwards to the Bay of Bengal.
    • Mainstream, flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra – Meghna.
  • Sundarban Delta – Place water from Ganga & Brahmaputra, flow into Bay of Bengal. (World’s largest and fastest growing delta, Home of Royal Bengal Tiger).
  • Ganga is over 2500 km, Slope 300m, Large Meanders.
  • Ambala is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.
  • Namami Gange Programme



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Indian Painting - Pre History

-
Image
    History and Evolution of Painting in India - An Overview India has a long tradition of artistic excellence and painting is one of the major mediums that has been used to express it. There is several evidence suggesting that painting flourished in India since ancient times. Archaeologists have found wall paintings in parts of India, which suggest that even the early historic man in India was engaged in activities of art and leisure The history of painting can be traced through the ancient and medieval period where the books were illustrated with paintings Then came the miniature style that dominated the Mughal and Rajput courts. With the coming of the Europeans, the art of painting and engraving took a western turn. Modern painters experimented with styles, colours and designs. Many Indian painters have gained worldwide recognition and are winning prizes and accolades for their vision. Principles of Painting The history of paintings can be known from primitive rock paintings of Bhim
Read more

Classification of Indian Paintings

-
Image
    Classification of Indian Paintings Indian Paintings have been broadly classified into two. Mural Paintings Miniature Paintings Mural Paintings The work on the walls or a solid structure are referred to as Murals. These have existed in India since ancient times and can be dated between 10th century BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of such paintings can be found at several locations in India. The beauty and the exquisiteness of mural paintings can be seen in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh Caves, Sittanavasal Caves and Kailash Temple in Ellora. Most of the mural paintings are either in natural caves or in rock cut chambers. The paintings follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Mural paintings were also made to adorn any mundane premise. For e.g. Ancient theatre room in Jogimara Caves. Ajanta Cave Paintings One of the oldest surviving murals of Indian sub-continent, Ajanta caves were carved between 2nd century BC to 5th c
Read more

Folk Paintings

-
    Madhubani Paintings Traditionally done by the women of villages around Madhubani town (Bihar). It is also called Mithila Paintings. The paintings have a common theme and are usually drawn from religious motifs of the Hindus, including Krishna, Rama, Durga, Lakshmi and Shiva. The paintings are also made depicting auspicious occasions like birth, marriage and festivals. Flowers, trees, animals, etc. are used to fill any gaps in the painting. Traditionally, these were painted on walls using rice paste and vegetable colours on a base of cow dung and mud. With time, the base changed to handmade paper, clothes and canvas. Since there was no shading, the paintings are two-dimensional. Some of the common features of these paintings include double line border, bold use of colours, ornate floral patterns and exaggerated facial features. Since the art has remained confined to a specific geographical area, it has been given GI (geographical indication) status. Pattachitra Painting A traditiona
Read more