The Ganga River System

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  • ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier near Gaumukh (3900 m) in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand,
  • At Devprayag, the Bhagirathi meets the Alaknanda (Source in Satopanth glacier above Badrinath); hereafter, it is known as the Ganga.
  • Alaknanda consists of the Dhauli and the Vishnu Ganga meet at Joshimath or Vishnu Prayag.
  • Other tributaries of Alaknanda - Pindar joins it at Karna Prayag while Mandakini or Kali Ganga meets it at Rudra Prayag
  • Haridwar – Emerged mountain to plain.
  • Joined by Himalayas tributaries - the Yamuna (Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas), & the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi & the Mahananda rise in the Nepal Himalaya. (These Rivers flood parts of the northern plains).
  • Yamuna
    • Western most and the longest tributary of the Ganga, source Yamunotri glacier. Ganga & Yamuna meet at Prayag (Allahabad).
    • Main tributaries, which come from the peninsular uplands, are the Chambal, the Betwa, the Son & the Ken join in right bank.
    • The Hindan, the Rind, the Sengar, the Varuna, etc. join it on its left bank.
  • Chambal
    • Rises near Mhow in the Malwa plateau of Madhya Pradesh. Flow northward.
    • Gandhisagar dam has been constructed.
    • From Kota, it traverses down to Bundi, Sawai Madhopur and Dholpur, and finally joins the Yamuna.
    • Chambal ravines – Badland tropography.
  • Gandak
    • Rise in nepal Himalayas between the Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest and drains the central part of Nepal.
    • Comprises two streams, namely Kaligandak and Trishulganga.
    • Joins the Ganga at Sonpur near Patna.
  • Ghaghara
    • Originates in the glaciers of Mapchachungo.
    • Collecting water from tributaries - Tila, Seti and Beri.
    • Comes out of the mountain, cutting a deep gorge at Shishapani. The river Sarda (Kali or Kali Ganga) joins it in the plain before it finally meets the Ganga at Chhapra.
  • Kosi
    • Main stream Arun rises in North of Mount Everest in Tibet. joined by the Son Kosi from the West & Tamur Kosi from the east.
    • Form Sapt Kosi.
  • Ramganga
    • Rising in the Garhwal hills near Gairsain.
    • joins the Ganga near Kannauj.
  • Damodar (‘sorrow of Bengal’)
    • Eastern margins of the Chotanagpur Plateau.
    • Flow through a rift valley and finally joins the Hugli.
      • Barakar is its main tributary
  • Sarda or Saryu river
    • Rises in the Milam glacier in the Nepal Himalayas.
    • Along the Indo-Nepal border, it is called Kali or Chauk.
    • Joins the Ghaghara.
  • Mahananda
    • Rising in the Darjiling hills.
    • Joins the Ganga as its last left bank tributary in West Bengal.
  • Son
    • Originating in the Amarkantak plateau.
    • Series of waterfalls.
    • Reaches Arrah, west of Patna, to join the Ganga
  • Flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal (northernmost point of the Ganga delta).
  • River bifurcates - Bhagirathi-Hooghly.
    • One flows southwards to the Bay of Bengal.
    • Mainstream, flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra – Meghna.
  • Sundarban Delta – Place water from Ganga & Brahmaputra, flow into Bay of Bengal. (World’s largest and fastest growing delta, Home of Royal Bengal Tiger).
  • Ganga is over 2500 km, Slope 300m, Large Meanders.
  • Ambala is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.
  • Namami Gange Programme



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