Mysore’s Resistance to the Company

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  • Battle of Talikota (1565) - Vijayanagar into many small Kingdom.
  • Mysore, Chikka Krishnaraja Wodeyar II ruled from 1734 to 1766. Second half of 1th Centaury leadership of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan.
  • Mysore’s proximity with the French and Haidar Ali and Tipu’s control over the rich trade of the Malabar coast.
Rise of Haider Ali
  • Cannons of the French-trained Nizami army could be silenced only by an effective
    artillery, Western methods of training for his army.
  • Help of the French to set up an arms factory at Dindigul (now in Tamil Nadu).
  • diplomatic skill to outmanoeuvre his opponents.
  • Marathas under Madhavrao attacked Mysore, and defeated Haidar Ali in 1764, 1766, and 1771. Madhavrao’s death in 1772. During 1774-76, recovered all the territories he had previously lost.
1st Anglo-Mysore War (1767 - 69) – Treaty of Madras
  • English treaty with the Nizam of Hyderabad (1766), protect the Nizam from Haidar Ali.
  • Nizam, the Marathas, and the English allied together against Haidar Ali.
  • Converted the Nizam into his ally, attack the Nawab of Arcot.
  • Haidar changed his strategy, suddenly appeared before the gates of Madras.
  • Madras forcing the English to conclude a very humiliating treaty with Haidar on April 4, 1769 - Treaty of Madras
  • Help of the English in case he was attacked by any other power
2nd Anglo-Mysore War (1780 - 84) - Treaty of Mangalore
  • Marathas attack Haider Ali, British fail to come his aid, Haider Ali accused English breach Treaty of Madras when in 1771.
  • French were much more helpful than the English.
  • Haidar Ali’s friendship with the French caused even more concern to the English.
  • Haidar Ali attack in the Carnatic, capturing Arcot, and defeating the English army under Colonel Baillie in 1781, English detached both the Marathas and the Nizam from Haidar’s side.
  • Defeated the English and captured their commander, Braithwaite.
  • Treaty of Mangalore - Haidar Ali died of cancer on December 7, 1782. Now his son, Tipu Sultan, carried on the war for one year without any positive outcome.
  • Opted for peace & Negotiating gave back the territories.
3rd Anglo-Mysore War - Treaty of Seringapatam
  • Travancore as a violation of his sovereign rights, So declare war against Travancore.
  • English, siding with Travancore, In 1970, defeated the English under General Meadows.
  • 1971, Cornwallis took the leadership but Lost, Later support of the Marathas and the Nizam, the English attacked Seringapatam for the second time.
  • Treaty of Seringapatam - Half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the victors. Tipu’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English
4th Mysore War (1799)
  • Tipu fulfilled all the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam and got his sons released.
  • 1796, Hindu ruler of Wodeyar dynasty died, Tipu declare himself sultan.
  • 1798, Lord Wellesley succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor General, charge sheet against Tipu.
  • 1799, fall of Seringapatam, Tipu was defeated first by English General Stuart and then by General Harris by help of Marathas and the Nizam.
  • Tipu and the Nizam had already signed the Subsidiary Alliance
  • After Tipu - new state of Mysore to Hindu dynasty (Wodeyars) under a minor ruler Krishnaraja III, who accepted the subsidiary alliance, In 1831, Bentinck took control of Mysore on grounds of misgovernance.
About Tipu Sultan
  • Maintenance of an efficient military force.
  • European model with Persian words of command.
  • Help of the French officers to train his soldiers, but never allowed them (French) to develop into a pressure group.
  • 22 battleships and 20 large frigates, dockyards were established at Mangalore, Wajedabad and Molidabad.
  • patron of science and technology, pioneer of rocket technology & introducing sericulture.
  • Allow French to start Jacobin Club in 1797, Tipu himself became a member.
  • Tree of Liberty at Seringapatam, bigoted monarch.
  • Crushed the Hindu Coorgs and Nairs, demolished temples in Kerala. Punished the Muslim Moplahs when they defied his authority.
  • Sanctioned funds for the repair of the Sringeri Temple and installation.
  • Use of palanquins and described them as fit only for use of women and the disabled.

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