Rocks and Minerals

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  • Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s crust is called a Rock.
  • There are three major types of rocks
    • Igneous rocks
    • Sedimentary rocks and
    • Metamorphic rocks.
  • When the molten magma cools, it becomes solid. Rocks thus formed are called igneous or primary rocks.
  • Igneous rock is two types,
    • Extrusive igneous rocks (Basalt).
    • Intrusive igneous rocks (Granite).
  • Rocks roll down and break into small fragments and these smaller particles are called sediments.
  • These sediments are transported, compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks. These types of rocks are called sedimentary rock (Contain Fossil).
  • Igneous and sedimentary rocks can change into metamorphic rocks under great heat and pressure. – Example: Clay changes into slate and limestone into marble.
  • The process of transformation of the rock from one to another is called the rock cycle.

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