Industrial Regions - Major & Minor

-
  • Eastern North America, western and central Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia
  • Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas, near sea ports and especially near coal fields.
  • Several indices to identify the clustering of industries
    1. Number of industrial units.
    2. Number of industrial workers.
    3. Quantum of power used for industrial purposes.
    4. Total industrial output
    5. Value added by manufacturing, etc.
Major Industrial Regions (8)
  1. Mumabi-Pune Region,
  2. Hugli Region,
  3. Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu Region,
  4. Gujarat Region,
  5. Chotanagpur Region,
  6. Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Region,
  7. Gurugram-Delhi-Meerut Region, and
  8. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Region.
Major Industrial Center
Mumabi-Pune Region
  • Mumbai-Thane to Pune.
  • Industrial development has been rapid in Kolaba, Ahmednagar, Satara, Sangli and Jalgaon districts.
  • Cotton Textile industry, Chemical Industry in Mumbai.
  • Mumbai High petroleum field & erection of nuclear energy plants.
  • Growth of Mumbai port - Machineries were imported through this port.
  • Hydro-electricity was developed in the Western Ghat.
  • Besides, engineering goods, petroleum refining, petrochemicals, leather, synthetic and plastic goods, drugs, fertilisers, electrical, shipbuilding, electronics, software, transport equipment and food industries also developed.
  • Important industrial centres are Mumbai, Kolaba, Kalyan, Thane, Trombay, Pune, Pimpri, Nashik, Manmad, Solapur, Kolhapur, Ahmednagar, Satara and Sangli.
Hugli Region
  • Along the Hugli river. opening of river port on Hugli.
  • Bansberia in the north to Birlanagar in the south & Mednipur in the west.
  • Kolkata-Haora from the nucleus of this industrial region.
  • Kolkata - Interior parts by railway lines and road routes.
  • Tea plantations in Assam and northern hills of West Bengal. Indigo, Jute
  • Opening of coalfields of the Damodar Valley.
  • Iron ore - Chotanagpur plateau.
  • Cheap labour available in part of Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Odisha.
  • First jute mill at Rishra in 1855. Jute industry is at Haora and Bhatapara.
  • Partition affect Industrial Region.
  • Cotton textile industry also grew along with jute industry, paper, engineering, textile machinery, electrical, chemical, pharmaceuticals, fertiliser and petrochemical industries.
  • Factory of the Hindustan Motors Limited at Konnagar and diesel engine factory at Chittaranjan are landmarks of this region.
  • Petroleum refinery at Haldia.
  • Industrial centres of this region are Kolkata, Haora, Haldia, Serampur, Rishra, Shibpur, Naihati, Kakinara, Shamnagar, Titagarh, Sodepur, Budge Budge, Birlanagar, Bansberia, Belgurriah, Triveni, Hugli, Belur, etc.
  • Slowed down in comparison to other regions. Decline of the jute industry is one of the reasons.
Bengaluru-Chennai Industrial Region
  • Rapid industrial growth in post-Independence period.
  • Bengaluru, Salem and Madurai districts but now they have spread over all the districts of Tamil Nadu except Viluppuram.
  • Development is dependent on the Pykara hydroelectric plant.
  • Cotton textile industry, loom industry spread very rapidly. Several heavy engineering industries converged at Bengaluru. Aircraft (HAL), machine tools, telephone (HTL) and Bharat Electronics.
  • Textiles, rail wagons, diesel engines, radio, light engineering goods, rubber goods, medicines, aluminium, sugar, cement, glass, paper, chemicals, film, cigarette, match box, leather goods.
  • Petroleum refinery at Chennai. Iron and steel plant at Salem & fertiliser plants are recent developments.
Gujarat Region
  • Between Ahmedabad and Vadodara. extends upto Valsad and Surat in the south and to Jamnagar in the west.
  • Cotton textile industry since 1860s. Double advantage of the proximity of raw materials as well as of market.
  • Discovery of oilfields. Petrochemical industries around Ankleshwar, Vadodara and Jamnagar. Petroleum refinery at Koyali.
  • Port at Kandla.
  • Textiles (cotton, silk and synthetic fabrics) and petrochemical industries, other industries are heavy and basic chemicals, motor, tractor, diesel engines, textile machinery, engineering, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, sugar, dairy products and food processing.
  • Industrial Center - Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Bharuch, Koyali, Anand, Khera, Surendranagar, Rajkot, Surat, Valsad and Jamnagar.
Chotanagpur Region
  • Jharkhand, northern Odisha and western West Bengal - heavy metallurgical Industries.
  • Coal in the Damodar Valley. Metallic and non-metallic minerals in Jharkhand and northern Odisha.
  • Six large integrated iron and steel plants at Jamshedpur, Burnpur-Kulti, Durgapur, Bokaro and Rourkela.
  • Thermal and hydroelectric plants in Damodar Valley.
  • Heavy engineering, machine tools, fertilisers, cement, paper, locomotives and heavy electricals.
  • Important Center - Ranchi, Dhanbad, Chaibasa, Sindri, Hazaribag, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Rourkela, Durgapur, Asansol and Dalmianagar.
Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Region
  • Vishakhapatnam district to Kurnool and Prakasam districts in the south.
  • Vishakhapatnam and Machilipatnam ports.
  • Agriculture and rich reserves of minerals. Coalfields - Godavari basin.
  • Ship building industry (1941) & Iron and steel plant (Bailadila iron ore) in Vishakhapatnam.
  • Imported petroleum facilitated growth of petrochemical industries, Sugar, textile, jute, paper, fertiliser, cement, aluminium and light engineering.
  • One lead-zinc smelter is functioning in Guntur district.
  • Industrial centres - Vishakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Vijaynagar, Rajahmundry, Guntur, Eluru and Kurnool.
Gurugram-Delhi-Meerut Region
  • Very fast growth in the recent past. Located away from the mineral and power resources.
  • Industries are light and market-oriented. Major industry - Electronics, light engineering and electrical goods.
  • Cotton, woollen and synthetic fabrics, hosiery, sugar, cement, machine tools, tractor, cycle, agricultural implements, chemical and vanaspati industries.
  • Software industry is a recent addition.
  • South lies the Agra-Mathura industrial area.
  • Specialises in glass and leather goods.
  • oil refinery – Mathura.
  • Industrial center - Gurugram, Delhi, Faridabad, Meerut, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Ambala, Agra and Mathura.
Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Region
  • Spread over Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alwaye, Ernakulam and Alappuzha districts.
  • Plantation, agriculture and hydropower.
  • Far from the mineral belt.
  • Agricultural products processing and market-oriented light industries.
  • Cotton textile, sugar, rubber, matchbox, glass, chemical fertiliser and fish.
  • Significant Industry - Food processing, paper, coconut coir products, aluminium and cement.
  • Petroleum refinery at Kochchi.
  • Important center - Kollam, Thiruvananthapuram, Alluva, Kochchi, Alappuzha and Punalur.
Minor Industrial Regions (13)
  1. Ambala-Amritsar,
  2. Saharanpur-Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor,
  3. Indore-Dewas-Uijjain,
  4. Jaipur-Ajmer,
  5. Kolhapur-South Kannada,
  6. Northern Malabar,
  7. Middle Malabar,
  8. Adilabad-Nizamabad,
  9. Allahabad-Varanasi-Mirzapur,
  10. Bhojpur-Munger,
  11. Durg-Raipur,
  12. Bilaspur-Korba, and
  13. Brahmaputra Valley.
Industrial Districts (15)
  1. Kanpur,
  2. Hyderabad,
  3. Agra,
  4. Nagpur,
  5. Gwalior,
  6. Bhopal,
  7. Lucknow,
  8. Jalpaiguri,
  9. Cuttack,
  10. Gorakhpur,
  11. Aligarh,
  12. Kota,
  13. Purnia,
  14. Jabalpur, and
  15. Bareilly

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Indian Painting - Pre History

-
Image
    History and Evolution of Painting in India - An Overview India has a long tradition of artistic excellence and painting is one of the major mediums that has been used to express it. There is several evidence suggesting that painting flourished in India since ancient times. Archaeologists have found wall paintings in parts of India, which suggest that even the early historic man in India was engaged in activities of art and leisure The history of painting can be traced through the ancient and medieval period where the books were illustrated with paintings Then came the miniature style that dominated the Mughal and Rajput courts. With the coming of the Europeans, the art of painting and engraving took a western turn. Modern painters experimented with styles, colours and designs. Many Indian painters have gained worldwide recognition and are winning prizes and accolades for their vision. Principles of Painting The history of paintings can be known from primitive rock paintings of Bhim
Read more

Classification of Indian Paintings

-
Image
    Classification of Indian Paintings Indian Paintings have been broadly classified into two. Mural Paintings Miniature Paintings Mural Paintings The work on the walls or a solid structure are referred to as Murals. These have existed in India since ancient times and can be dated between 10th century BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of such paintings can be found at several locations in India. The beauty and the exquisiteness of mural paintings can be seen in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh Caves, Sittanavasal Caves and Kailash Temple in Ellora. Most of the mural paintings are either in natural caves or in rock cut chambers. The paintings follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Mural paintings were also made to adorn any mundane premise. For e.g. Ancient theatre room in Jogimara Caves. Ajanta Cave Paintings One of the oldest surviving murals of Indian sub-continent, Ajanta caves were carved between 2nd century BC to 5th c
Read more

Folk Paintings

-
    Madhubani Paintings Traditionally done by the women of villages around Madhubani town (Bihar). It is also called Mithila Paintings. The paintings have a common theme and are usually drawn from religious motifs of the Hindus, including Krishna, Rama, Durga, Lakshmi and Shiva. The paintings are also made depicting auspicious occasions like birth, marriage and festivals. Flowers, trees, animals, etc. are used to fill any gaps in the painting. Traditionally, these were painted on walls using rice paste and vegetable colours on a base of cow dung and mud. With time, the base changed to handmade paper, clothes and canvas. Since there was no shading, the paintings are two-dimensional. Some of the common features of these paintings include double line border, bold use of colours, ornate floral patterns and exaggerated facial features. Since the art has remained confined to a specific geographical area, it has been given GI (geographical indication) status. Pattachitra Painting A traditiona
Read more