Distribution of Minerals in India

-
  • Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non-metallic minerals.
  • Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern flanks of the peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the petroleum deposits.
  • Rajasthan - non-ferrous minerals.
  • Alluvial plains of north India - Economic minerals.
The North-Eastern Plateau Region
  • Chhotanagpur (Jharkhand), Odisha Plateau, West Bengal and parts of Chhattisgarh.
  • Minerals: iron ore coal, manganese, bauxite, mica.
  • Major iron and steel industry.
The South-Western Plateau Region
  • Karnataka, Goa and contiguous Tamil Nadu uplands and Kerala.
  • Rich in ferrous metals and bauxite.
  • High grade iron ore, manganese and limestone. lacks in coal deposits except Neyveli lignite.
  • Kerala deposits of monazite and thorium, bauxite clay, Goa has iron ore deposits.
The North-Western Region
  • Aravali in Rajasthan and part of Gujarat. Rajasthan is rich in building stones. Gujarat - Petroleum deposits.
  • Copper, Zinc, Dolomite and limestone.
  • Gujarat and Rajasthan both have rich sources of salt.
  • Himalayan belt copper, lead, zinc, cobalt and tungsten occur eastern and western parts.
  • Oil Resource – Assam & off-shore-areas near Mumbai Coast (Mumbai High).
Ferrous Mineral
  • Account about Three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.
Iron Ore
  • Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent.
  • Hematite ore - Important industrial iron ore. In terms of the quantity (50-60%).
  • Iron ore mines occur in close proximity to the coal fields in the north eastern plateau region.
  • Kudre in Kannada means horse & Bailadila hills hump of an ox.
  • 95% - Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
  • Odisha-Jharkhand belt: High grade hematite ore. Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts & in Sundergarh range. Singbhum district of Jharkhand, haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
  • Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt: Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra, high grade hematites. Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.
  • Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt – Karnataka, 100% export unit, transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru.
  • Maharashtra-Goa belt: Not of very high quality, efficiently exploited. Goa, emerged as an important producer of iron ore, exported through Marmagao port.
  • Important mines such as Noamundi and Gua are located in Poorbi and Pashchimi Singhbhum districts.
  • Odisha - series of hill ranges in Sunder garh, Mayurbhanj and Jhar, Mines - Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh).
  • Jharkhand – Oldest iron ore mines.
  • Karnataka - in Sandur-Hospet area of Ballari district, Baba Budan hills and Kudremukh in Chik kamagaluru district & parts of Shivamogga, Chitradurg and Tumakuru districts
  • Districts of Chandrapur, Bhandara and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra, Karimnagar and Warangal district of Telangana, Kurnool, Cuddapah and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh, Salem and Nilgiris districts of Tamil Nadu.
Manganese
  • Manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy. 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel. Associate with Dharwar system.
  • Manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.
  • Odisha - leading produce, mines in Odisha. Bonai, Kendujhar, Sundergarh, Gangpur, Koraput, Kalahandi and Bolangir.
  • Karnataka - Dharwar, Ballari, Belagavi, North Canara, Chikkmagaluru, Shivamogga, Chitradurg and Tumakuru.
  • Maharashtra - mined in Nagpur, Bhandara and Ratnagiri districts.
  • Manganese belt of Madhya Pradesh extends in a belt in Balaghat-Chhindwara-Nimar-Mandla and Jhabua districts.
  • Telangana, Goa, and Jharkhand are other minor producers of manganese.
Non-Ferrous Minerals
  • Not very satisfactory. Poorly endowed.
  • Vital role in a number of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries.
Copper
  • Critically deficient in the reserve.
  • Jharkhand - Singhbhum district, Balaghat district in Madhya Pradesh and Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan - Khetri mines in Alwar districts.
  • Minor producers: Andhra Pradesh - Agnigundala in Guntur District, Karnataka - Chitradurg and Hasan districts and Tamil Nadu - South Arcot district.
Bauxite
  • Formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in Aluminium silicates in tertiary deposits.
  • Laterite rocks - on the plateau or hill ranges of peninsular India and also in the coastal tracts.
  • Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni.
  • Largest producing Odisha - Kalahandi and Sambalpur. Bolangir and Koraput.
  • Patlands of Lohardaga in Jharkhand.
  • Major deposit - Bhavanagar, and Jamnagar - Gujarat.
  • Amarkantak plateau - Chhattisgarh, Katni-Jabalpur area and Balaghat - Madhya Pradesh, Kolaba, Thane, Ratnagiri, Satara, Pune and Kolhapur - Maharashtra
  • Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Goa are minor producers of bauxite.
  • Important bauxite – Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district.
Non-Metallic Minerals
Mica
  • Mica can be clear, black, green, red yellow or brown.
  • Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
  • Northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau.
  • Koderma Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer.
  • Rajasthan - around Ajmer, Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh (Best Quality).
  • Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Telanganga and Rajasthan followed by Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh.
  • Tamil Nadu - Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Madurai and Kanniyakumari. Alleppey in Kerala, Ratnagiri in Maharashtra, Purulia and Bankura in West Bengal.
Rock Minerals
Limestone
  • Composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates.
  • Found in sedimentary rocks.
  • Basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore.
Uses of Minerals
  • Copper - coins to pipes, Silicon – Computer industry is obtained from quartz.
  • Aluminum form bauxite ore – used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in kitchen cookware.
Conservation of Minerals
  • Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease in quality.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Indian Painting - Pre History

-
Image
    History and Evolution of Painting in India - An Overview India has a long tradition of artistic excellence and painting is one of the major mediums that has been used to express it. There is several evidence suggesting that painting flourished in India since ancient times. Archaeologists have found wall paintings in parts of India, which suggest that even the early historic man in India was engaged in activities of art and leisure The history of painting can be traced through the ancient and medieval period where the books were illustrated with paintings Then came the miniature style that dominated the Mughal and Rajput courts. With the coming of the Europeans, the art of painting and engraving took a western turn. Modern painters experimented with styles, colours and designs. Many Indian painters have gained worldwide recognition and are winning prizes and accolades for their vision. Principles of Painting The history of paintings can be known from primitive rock paintings of Bhim
Read more

Classification of Indian Paintings

-
Image
    Classification of Indian Paintings Indian Paintings have been broadly classified into two. Mural Paintings Miniature Paintings Mural Paintings The work on the walls or a solid structure are referred to as Murals. These have existed in India since ancient times and can be dated between 10th century BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of such paintings can be found at several locations in India. The beauty and the exquisiteness of mural paintings can be seen in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh Caves, Sittanavasal Caves and Kailash Temple in Ellora. Most of the mural paintings are either in natural caves or in rock cut chambers. The paintings follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Mural paintings were also made to adorn any mundane premise. For e.g. Ancient theatre room in Jogimara Caves. Ajanta Cave Paintings One of the oldest surviving murals of Indian sub-continent, Ajanta caves were carved between 2nd century BC to 5th c
Read more

Solar system

-
Image
Galaxy Gravitational bound system of star, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. Ex: Milky way. A galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars. Our solar system is a part of the milky way galaxy. Our Milky way galaxy was named “Akash ganga”. There are millions of galaxies that make the Universe. Distance galaxy: GN-z11 (March 2016) Hubble classification Eliptical (E) Spiral (S): Andromeda & Sombrero (unbarred) Lenticular Celestial bodies: Sun, Moon. Two types: Emit light (Star), Don’t Emit Light (Planets) North Star – Pole Star – Indicates north Direction Constellations (Group of star) – 88 Official Ursa Major – Big Dipper Tail – Alioth – Brightest in Ursa Major Saptarishi Mandal Polaris – Brightest in Ursa Minor The Sun Made up of extremely hot gases. The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth. 30 times greater than Earth. Black hole – It absorb light but does not emit due to high gravitational force. Corona – Outer surface of the sun (About 6000 k) S
Read more