Industrial Pollution & LPG Reforms

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Air pollution
  • High proportion of undesirable gases. Ex: Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
  • Solid & Liquid particle - Dust, sprays mist and smoke.
  • Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects.
Water pollution
  • Industrial wastes and affluents discharged into rivers from paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries.
Soil Pollution
  • Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
  • Fly ash, phospo- gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.
Thermal pollution
  • Hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
  • Wastes from nuclear power plants cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.
  • Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.
Noise pollution
  • Hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Control of Environmental Degradation
Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
  • Minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling.
  • Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
  • Treating hot water and effluents
    • Primary treatment by mechanical means.
    • Secondary treatment by biological process.
    • Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.
  • Reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
  • Redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
  • Use Noise absorbing material.
NTPC shows the way
  • Power providing corporation in India. ISO certification for EMS (Environment Management System) 14001
    • Adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
    • Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
    • Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
    • Ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
    • Ecological monitoring, reviews and on line database management for all its power stations.
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation
Initiatives are
    1. Abolition of industrial licensing - except six industries related to security, strategic or environmental concerns
    2. Free entry to foreign technology
    3. Foreign investment policy
    4. Access to capital market
    5. Open trade
    6. Abolition of phased manufacturing programme, and
    7. Liberalised industrial location programme.
  • Number of industries reserved for public sector since 1956 have been reduced from 17 to 4. Atomic Energy, Substances specified in the Schedule of the Department of Atomic Energy & Railways.
  • Offer a part of the shareholdings in the public enterprises to financial institutions, general public and workers.
  • No industry requires prior approval for investing in the delicensed sector. only need to submit a memorandum in the prescribed format.
  • In New industrial policy, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for achieving a higher level of economic development.
    • Benefits the domestic industry as well as consumers by providing technological upgradation, access to global managerial skills and practices, optimum use of natural and human resources, etc.
  • Changes in the industrial location policies.
  • Industries are discouraged in or very close to large cities due to environmental reasons.
  • Liberalized to attract private investor both domestic and multi-nationals.
  • Mining, telecommunications, highway construction and management have been thrown open to private companies.
  • Larger parts of this investment have gone to domestic appliances, finance, services, electronics and electrical equipment, and food and dairy products.
  • Globalisation, integrating the economy of the country with the world economy.
  • Extensive application of market mechanism and facilitating dynamic relationship with the foreign investors and suppliers of technology.
    1. Opening of the economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economies activity in India.
    2. Removing restrictions and obstacles to the entry of multi-national companies in India;
    3. Allowing Indian companies to enter into foreign collaboration in India and also encouraging them to set up joint-ventures abroad.
    4. Carrying out massive import liberalisation programmes by switching over from quantitative restrictions to tariffs in the first place, and then bringing down the level of import duties considerably.
    5. Instead of a set of export incentives, opting for exchange rate adjustments for promoting export.

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