Causes of Linkage between Terrorism and Organized Crime & Black Hole Syndrome

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Causes for the Linkage Between Terrorism and Organized Crime

The nexus between crime and terror is due to four major developments in the post-cold War
  • End of the Cold War It reduced the availability of state financing for terrorist and insurgent movements which forced terrorists to adopt criminal activities to increase their revenues.
  • The Global War on Terror Launched shortly after 9/11, it resulted in global cooperation to crack down on terrorist financing which caused a further decline in state sponsored terrorism and pushed terrorists towards closer cooperation with organized crime to sustain their functioning.
  • Globalisation - It has turned out to be a double-edged sword. The open borders open markets and increased ease of travel and communication, all have benefited both terrorists and criminals.
  • Communication Revolution through the Internet - There is growing evidence that cooperation is growing mostly due to the use of cyberspace, global financial systems, and their more lonely knit network structures.
Black Hole Syndrome - Co-existence, Cooperation and Confluence
  • Coexistence refers to situation where organised crime and terrorists group operate in the same region but remain separate entities.
  • In Cooperation a different type of customer-service provider relationship can occur where one group controls territory which is of strategic value for operational goals of the other.
  • Nexus is built on 3 areas,
    • Two distinct group would cooperate for mutual operational benefit (Counterfeit documentation).
    • Second was the appropriation of tactics of the other to further their aims.
    • Third linkage is accounted for motivational transformations within a group. This would be a terrorist group evolving to the point where their operations are focused on profit maximisations or a criminal group evolving a political doctrine to promote its financial interest (D- Company)
    • This convergence is regarded as Black hole syndrome.
    • Drug Trade for financing.
    • Arms procurement.
    • To defeat common enemy – The State: Disrupt investigations and intimidate state actors, coerce judges etc.
    • Extortion by Terrorists.
    • Beheadings and terror activities by organised crime group.

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