Security challenges and their management in border areas

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  • With a landmass of subcontinental proportions, India occupires a predominant strategic position in South Asia.
  • India's Land border exceed 15,000Kms with 7 nations Bangladesh (4096 KM), China (3488 KM), Pakistan (3323 KM), Nepal (1751 KM), Myanmar (1643 KM), Bhutan (699 KM) and Afghanistan (106 KM).
  • The Border management is a broader term which involves not only defending the borders but also the protections of interests of the country on aligning borders.
  • The Department of Border Management in the Ministry of Home Affairs focuses on management of the international land & coastal borders, strengthening of border policing & guarding, creation of infrastructure such as roads, fencing & flood lighting of the borders and implementation of the Border Area Development Programme (BADP). Air Border – Ministry of Defence.
Some problems currently afflicting the management of our borders including maritime boundaries are:
  • Border management becomes more important for the fact that India is like island of democracy between seas of anarchical or instable states.
  • Probably, no other neighbouring country has experienced uninterrupted democratic regime for more than 15 years.
  • Additionally, in some countries there is cultural radicalism which is targeted on India, and terrorists and mafia groups are patronized by some of India’s neighbouring states.
  • There is cross border smuggling problem of drugs, cattle, humans, artefacts, fake currency note etc.
  • Unfortunately, in this scenario our border forces appear to be severely undermanned and under-equipped which is taking heavy toll on economic, social and political stability of our country.
  • Hostile elements have access to latest technology, unprecedented use of money power, organisational strength, manoeuvrability,
  • No proper demarcation of maritime and land borders at many places leading to conflicts.
  • Artificial boundaries having difficult terrains like deserts, swampy marshes etc. which are not based on natural features thus making them extremely porous and easy to infiltrate.
  • Multiplicity of forces on the same borders leading to problems of coordination, command and control. (Pakistan (Gujarat to Punjab) & Bangladesh – BSF, Pakistan line of actual control – Army & Integrated Department of Border Management (IDB), Nagaland - Indian Army & Assam Rifles, Ladakh & Kashmir – Army, China – Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Myanmar – Assam Rifles, Nepal & Bhutan -Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).
  • Problems faced by local people due to tough measures taken during anti-terrorism and anti-insurgency operations generate discontent which should be addressed prudently otherwise hostile elements try to leverage this discontent to their benefit.
  • Cross-border terrorism targeted to destabilise India.
  • Illegal migration in eastern region causing socio-economic stress as well as demographic Changes. (Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh).
  • Sporadic aggression on China border.
  • Cross border safe houses for insurgent in north eastern neighbours.
  • Smuggling of arms and explosives, narcotics and counterfeit currency.
  • Enhanced instances of smuggling, piracy, breach of coastal security.

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