Security challenges and their management in border areas

-
  • With a landmass of subcontinental proportions, India occupires a predominant strategic position in South Asia.
  • India's Land border exceed 15,000Kms with 7 nations Bangladesh (4096 KM), China (3488 KM), Pakistan (3323 KM), Nepal (1751 KM), Myanmar (1643 KM), Bhutan (699 KM) and Afghanistan (106 KM).
  • The Border management is a broader term which involves not only defending the borders but also the protections of interests of the country on aligning borders.
  • The Department of Border Management in the Ministry of Home Affairs focuses on management of the international land & coastal borders, strengthening of border policing & guarding, creation of infrastructure such as roads, fencing & flood lighting of the borders and implementation of the Border Area Development Programme (BADP). Air Border – Ministry of Defence.
Some problems currently afflicting the management of our borders including maritime boundaries are:
  • Border management becomes more important for the fact that India is like island of democracy between seas of anarchical or instable states.
  • Probably, no other neighbouring country has experienced uninterrupted democratic regime for more than 15 years.
  • Additionally, in some countries there is cultural radicalism which is targeted on India, and terrorists and mafia groups are patronized by some of India’s neighbouring states.
  • There is cross border smuggling problem of drugs, cattle, humans, artefacts, fake currency note etc.
  • Unfortunately, in this scenario our border forces appear to be severely undermanned and under-equipped which is taking heavy toll on economic, social and political stability of our country.
  • Hostile elements have access to latest technology, unprecedented use of money power, organisational strength, manoeuvrability,
  • No proper demarcation of maritime and land borders at many places leading to conflicts.
  • Artificial boundaries having difficult terrains like deserts, swampy marshes etc. which are not based on natural features thus making them extremely porous and easy to infiltrate.
  • Multiplicity of forces on the same borders leading to problems of coordination, command and control. (Pakistan (Gujarat to Punjab) & Bangladesh – BSF, Pakistan line of actual control – Army & Integrated Department of Border Management (IDB), Nagaland - Indian Army & Assam Rifles, Ladakh & Kashmir – Army, China – Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Myanmar – Assam Rifles, Nepal & Bhutan -Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).
  • Problems faced by local people due to tough measures taken during anti-terrorism and anti-insurgency operations generate discontent which should be addressed prudently otherwise hostile elements try to leverage this discontent to their benefit.
  • Cross-border terrorism targeted to destabilise India.
  • Illegal migration in eastern region causing socio-economic stress as well as demographic Changes. (Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh).
  • Sporadic aggression on China border.
  • Cross border safe houses for insurgent in north eastern neighbours.
  • Smuggling of arms and explosives, narcotics and counterfeit currency.
  • Enhanced instances of smuggling, piracy, breach of coastal security.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Indian Painting - Pre History

-
Image
    History and Evolution of Painting in India - An Overview India has a long tradition of artistic excellence and painting is one of the major mediums that has been used to express it. There is several evidence suggesting that painting flourished in India since ancient times. Archaeologists have found wall paintings in parts of India, which suggest that even the early historic man in India was engaged in activities of art and leisure The history of painting can be traced through the ancient and medieval period where the books were illustrated with paintings Then came the miniature style that dominated the Mughal and Rajput courts. With the coming of the Europeans, the art of painting and engraving took a western turn. Modern painters experimented with styles, colours and designs. Many Indian painters have gained worldwide recognition and are winning prizes and accolades for their vision. Principles of Painting The history of paintings can be known from primitive rock paintings of Bhim
Read more

Classification of Indian Paintings

-
Image
    Classification of Indian Paintings Indian Paintings have been broadly classified into two. Mural Paintings Miniature Paintings Mural Paintings The work on the walls or a solid structure are referred to as Murals. These have existed in India since ancient times and can be dated between 10th century BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of such paintings can be found at several locations in India. The beauty and the exquisiteness of mural paintings can be seen in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh Caves, Sittanavasal Caves and Kailash Temple in Ellora. Most of the mural paintings are either in natural caves or in rock cut chambers. The paintings follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Mural paintings were also made to adorn any mundane premise. For e.g. Ancient theatre room in Jogimara Caves. Ajanta Cave Paintings One of the oldest surviving murals of Indian sub-continent, Ajanta caves were carved between 2nd century BC to 5th c
Read more

Folk Paintings

-
    Madhubani Paintings Traditionally done by the women of villages around Madhubani town (Bihar). It is also called Mithila Paintings. The paintings have a common theme and are usually drawn from religious motifs of the Hindus, including Krishna, Rama, Durga, Lakshmi and Shiva. The paintings are also made depicting auspicious occasions like birth, marriage and festivals. Flowers, trees, animals, etc. are used to fill any gaps in the painting. Traditionally, these were painted on walls using rice paste and vegetable colours on a base of cow dung and mud. With time, the base changed to handmade paper, clothes and canvas. Since there was no shading, the paintings are two-dimensional. Some of the common features of these paintings include double line border, bold use of colours, ornate floral patterns and exaggerated facial features. Since the art has remained confined to a specific geographical area, it has been given GI (geographical indication) status. Pattachitra Painting A traditiona
Read more