Parameters to measure Governance & Challenges in Governance

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Parameters in measuring the Governance:
 It was world bank which gave six dimensions to measure the Governance such as
  1. Voice and accountability: measuring political, civil and human rights. (India Voice: Fundamental Rights & Accountability: CAG, Human Rights, Minister responsible to Parliament, Judiciary Review).
    • Against: Freedom of speech according to press, Internet shutdown, late submit of Report, not ready to publish white paper)
  2. Instability and violence: measuring the likelihood of violent threats to or changes in government including terrorism. (Ensure peaceful society by maintaining law & Order – IPC, CRPS, UAPA, CBI, ED, NIS, AFPSA)
    • Against: Human right violating in AFPSA,
  3. Government effectiveness: measuring the competence of the Bureaucracy and the quality of public service delivery. (Efficient delivery of services is elective bureaucracy – Having performance appraisal, Annual Confidential Report, budgetary control Mechanism to check bureaucracy Performance).
  4. Regulatory Burden: measuring the incidence of market unfriendly policies. (Regulatory body like RBI, SEBI etc…). 
  5. Rule of Law: measuring the quality of contract enforcement, the police and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence
  6. Control of corruption: measuring the exercise of public power for private gain, including both petty and grand corruption and state capture.
Challenges in Adopting Governance/ Poor Governance:
  • The governance argued for a new system of development which not understand the constitutional objective (law of the land) which create a great dilemma. (All use things for us own benefit forget of state, causes rich poor divide, environmental degradation, jobless growth).
  • Evidence gathered from research shows a large of private & public providers, lacks strong normative and underpinning in public opinion (values).
  • People strong preference for organization whose control was rest with elected councils as against appointed bodies (or) private sector providers. Private sector providers are not seeming to be legitimate (Shortcut, bureaucracy shaping [IAS officer after retirement, join to any company, they help the company to grow because they know shortcut & leaks of the Government]).
  • Due to the blurring of boundaries & responsibilities there is a sense of lack of responsibility from private sector & a loss of sense of ownership among citizens were experienced.
  • There is a possibility of scapegoating between public and private. The network arrangement was dissatisfied some of the participant.
  • Even if all constituent of member groups is satisfied a problem of accountability can arise due to the lack of responsibility.
  • Tension and difficulties in handling the institution of civil society, private organization as well as inadequacy in the policy making widen the gap between public, private, & voluntary sectors may lead to the governance failure. (Existing rules & Regulation are not up to the level).
Symptoms of Poor Governance:
  • Failure to make a separation between public and private (i.e.) appropriation of public resource for private gains (Corruption).
  • Failure to establish a predictable framework for law and government conducive for development. (ad hocism in law making process). [ad hocism - The tendency to establish temporary, chiefly improvisational policies and procedures to deal with specific problems].
  • Excessive regulatory rule which impedes market this allocation of resources following from priorities not consistent with developments.
  • Non transparent decision making.

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