Non - Conventional Sources of Energy

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Solar Energy

  • Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas.
  • Sun can be used in solar cells to produce electricity.
  • Benefits a lot of tropical countries.
  • 7% more effective than coal or oil based plants and 10% more effective than nuclear plants.
  • Gujarat and Rajasthan has great potential.
  • Solar heaters, solar cookers, solar dryers besides being used for community lighting and traffic signals.
Wind Energy
  • Wind mills, the high speed winds rotate the wind mill which is connected to a generator to produce electricity.
  • Located in coastal regions and in mountain passes.
  • Tamil Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra & Lakshadweep.
  • Nagarcoil and Jaisalmer - effective use of wind energy.
  • Wind farms - Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain.
Nuclear or Atomic Energy
  • Nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.
  • USA & Europe - Greater Producer of Nuclear power.
  • Uranium occur in Dharwar rocks.
  • In India Udaipur, Uranium ore in the Singbhum Copper belt. It is also found in Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan, Durg district of Chhattisgarh, Bhandara district of Maharashtra and Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh and Aravalli range of Jharkhand have large deposits of Uranium.
  • Thorium in Monozite sands along coast of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, Mahanadi river delta in Odisha.
  • Atomic Energy Commission was established in 1948, Atomic Energy Institute at Trombay in 1954 & Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in 1967
  • Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu, Tarapur in Maharastra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka and Kakarapara in Gujarat.
Geothermal Energy
  • Heat energy obtained from the earth. Interior of the earth temperature rises steadily as we go deeper. steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.
  • In India, two experimental project - Parvati hills near Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puga Valley in Ladakh.
  • USA - world’s largest geothermal plant & also New Zealand, Iceland, Philippines, and Central America.
Tidal Energy
  • Building dams at narrow openings of the sea, turbine installed in the dam to produce electricity during high & low tide.
  • First tidal energy station was built in France.
  • India - Gulf of Khambhat, Gulf of Kachchh in Gujarat, Gangetic delta in Sunderban regions of West Bengal have huge tidal mill farms.
  • Large tidal waves are known to occur along the west coast of India.
  • World Leading - Russia, France. India not yet been utilised.
Biogas
  • Organic waste converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas - Gobar gas plants
  • Set up at municipal, cooperative and individual levels.
  • It can be converted into electrical energy, heat energy or gas for cooking.
  • One such project converting municipal waste into energy is Okhla in Delhi.
  • Decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas, mixture of methane
  • and carbon dioxide.
Conservation of Energy Resources
  • India, least energy efficient countries in the world.
  • Promotion of energy conservation.
  • Alternative energy sources like solar power, wind, wave, geothermal energy are inexhaustible resource.
  • Recycling of metals.
  • Increased use of renewable energy are twin planks of sustainable energy.

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