Kashmir Terrorism

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 History

  • National Democratic Party & Nationalist Conference – Pro India
  • Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Jamaat -e-Islami – Pro Pakistan. (First 3 Support Militancy (State Sponsor Terrorism) & 4th is Radicalization).
  • Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (Initially militant & State Sponsor terrorism, now surrender arms & join Hurriyat Conference) & Hurriyat Conference (Peaceful group) – Independent Kashmir.
Pakistan
  • Civilian Government.
  • Military & ISI (Intelligence Service of Pakistan).
    ISI close link with CIA (Central Intelligence Service of America) so Pakistan more powerful than civilian Government.
Deep State (Government official work independent - Military & ISI)– Independently work.
1980s start of Insurgency. (Afghanistan defeat USSR, so Pakistan train the fighters of afghan and sent to Kashmir for terrorist attack).
They recruited the people from Kashmir (Who already discontent with India, Unemployed youth) radicalize them give arms, and they attack Kashmir.
State Sponsored Terrorism by Pakistan
  • Failure of three wars of 1948,1965,1971 → Proxy War on limited scale using State Sponsored Terrorism
  • Inter-Services Intelligence + Military →
    • Provide Military training.
    • Weapon supply.
    • Financial Aid.
    • Ideological support (Religion, Anti-Indian & Kashmir for Pakistan)
  • Utilize the angst of people
    • to create disaffection towards government;
    • Play religion in danger Card.
    • Highlight Non-performance of Government.
    • Atrocities' of Military on people.
  • Sustaining a Movement in Kashmir at minimal cost with SST.
  • Force a settlement of Kashmir problem in favour of Pakistan.
  • Weaken India ‘s potential strength and national will by supporting Insurgency in other regions.
  • Prevent India from emerging as a strategically dominant power → Internationalisation of Kashmir issue, Embarrass India in UN.
Steps Taken by Government
  • Udaan Scheme – STI, Skill Development, Campus interview → 40,000 youths.
  • Sadhbhavana → Civic Action → Football and Cricket coaching; Tuition for School children.
  • Rehablitation & Surrender Policy.
  • IITs, IIMs, 2 AIIMS.
  • Watan ko Jano → India Tour.
  • Subsidised Helicopter to boost transport.
  • Local recruitment in Army and CRPF.
  • Rehablitation of Kashmiri Pandits.
  • SHG → Resource centre → Agri Allied Sector, Crafts, tailoring, food Processing.
Challenges
  • Need of Human face to military action → Pellets, PAVA (Pelargonic Acid Vanillylamide or Nonivamide) shell.
  • Repression and hatred.
  • Isolated Radicalised youth.
  • Education disruption due to Curfew.
  • Paid Stone pelting.
  • Halting talks with Pakistan.
Way Forward
  • 4 D → Dialogue, Demilitarisation, Devolution and Development.
  • Reduce military in popular places.
  • Surgical Strikes → reduce collateral damage.
  • Zero tolerance to human rights abuse.
  • Kashmiriyat (Value of Kashmir Culture), Zamooriyat (Democrayc), Insaniyat (Humanity).

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