International Criminal Court & Permanent Court of arbitration

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 International Criminal Court

(International treaty based Organisation, coordinate/Affiliated to UN)
  • The International Criminal Court an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague, Netherlands.
  • The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression.
  • It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore exercise its jurisdiction only when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court.
  • The ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force.
  • The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty that serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document.
  • States which become party to the Rome Statute become member states of the ICC. As of November 2019, there are 123 ICC member states. 42 states are non-party, non-signatory states.
  • India is not a party to Rome Statute along with US and China.
  • Recently Malaysia has ratified the Rome Statute and became the 124th State party to the ICC.
  • India has criticised the slow pace of UN Security Council reform process and opaque methodologies, non-attribution of assertions and obfuscation of references by the member states which are blocking the early reform of the UN.
Permanent Court of arbitration
  • Established in 1899 to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between states, the PCA has developed into a modern, multi-faceted arbitral institution perfectly situated to meet the evolving dispute resolution needs of the international community.
  • Headquarters in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the PCA has opened offices in various cities in order to make its services more accessible in different regions of the world.
  • During sign the agreement between Country, Company & Country, Company & Company mention in Agreement, that dispute solved by ICJ, ICC or PCA. 

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