Germany Unification (1866-1871)

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  • After 1848, Nationalist sentiments were often mobilised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe.
  • Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class Germans.
  • In 1848 tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament.
  • Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck.
  • Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.
  • 18 January 1871, unheated Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles to proclaim the new German Empire headed by Kaiser William I of Prussia.
  • Nation-building process in Germany had demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power. Prussian measures and practices often became a model for the rest of Germany.



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