e-Governance

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  • After the emergence of ICT, placing of the word 'e' before governance, business, government, commerce, etc.., is a growing phenomenon in the modern world.
  • The term gained its significance in recent years as a digital and transformative government got emerged, and it is often used as a substitute or replacement for e government.
  • E-governance raises the transparency, accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness and inclusiveness in the governing process in terms of reliable access to the information within government, between government, national, state, municipal, and local level governments, citizens, and businesses and empowers business through access and use of information
  • E-governance is not just about government websites or e-mail or financial transactions. “It will change how citizens relate to government as much as it changes how citizens relate to each other”. It also refers to the utilization of IT in the country’s democratic processes itself such as the election.
ICT + Governance = E-Governance
E-Government
E-Governance
  • E-Government is   a subset of E-Governance.
  • It meant   interaction within the government. (Interlinking   of Govt department).
  • e-Government is   the use of ITC in public administrations combined with   organizational change and new skills in order to improve public   services and democratic processes.
  • Governance is a   wider term which includes state's institutional arrangements, its capacity to   take decisions and implement them, and improve the relationships that exist   between officials and public.
  • E-Government,   e-participation, E-commerce and E Management connect by ITC.
According to Dawes: "E-governance comprises the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support public services, government administration, democratic processes, and relationships among citizens, civil society, the private sector, and the state'.
  • E-governance is conceived as one such efficient approach which allows the government to interact with the citizens and provides an easy availability of information in a transparent manner.
  • E-governance is also called SMART governance because it creates Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent interface between government, citizen and business.
    • FAT Governance – Flexibility, Accountability & Transparent
    • Good Governance
    • Network Governance – Connect multiple stake holders as network.
    • Participative Governance – Civil Society Participation. Ex: Vaccination awareness & Vaccination Drive.
    • Collaborative Governance
         All is same, mild difference in each.
Evolution of E-governance in India:
  • Recognizing the importance of electronics, the government of India (GOI) established the Department of Electronics in 1970.
The establishment of National Informatics Centre (NIC) in 1977 was established
  • Department of Electronics: The establishment of the Department of Electronics in 1970 was the first major step towards e-governance in India as it brought ‘information’ and its communication to focus.
  • National Informatics Centre (NIC): established in 1977, launched the District Information System program to computerize all district offices in the country
  • NICNET – National Informatics Centre: The main thrust for e-governance was provided by the launching of NICNET in 1987 – the national satellite-based computer network.
About NIC
(Develop Inter departmental & Intra departmental Coordination, Field headquarters relationship, Central-State Relationship, Institutional Relationship).
  • NIC is a premiere S&T institution of the Government of India, established in 1976, for providing e-Government / e-Governance Solutions adopting best practices, integrated services and global solutions in Government Sector.
  • It facilitates various ministries and Government institutions to formulate planning and take decision making through computer based decision support system (informatics-led development).
  • It was under the control of Department of Information Technology of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
  • Its state-of-art IT infrastructure includes Multi-Gigabit PAN India Network NICNET, National Knowledge Network, National Data Centres, National Cloud, Video Conferencing, Email and Messaging Services, Command and Control Centre, Multi-layered GIS based Platform, Domain Registration and Webcast.
  • With an objective of focused study of new technology, explore and experiment their use in governance, NIC has set-up Centre of Excellence(Col) in Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence, Block-chain and Application Security.
  • E-governance got a boost with the launch of National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET) in 1987
  • The launch of District Information System of the National Informatics Centre (DISNIC) made the journey of e-governance more vigorous
  • For the first time, National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development was constituted in May 1998. The task force recommended the launching of 'operation knowledge' which aimed at universalizing computer literacy in India, thereby spreading IT education.
  • The year 1999 was a landmark year as the Union Ministry of Information Technology was created.
  • Twelve-point agenda for e-governance was identified for the government in 2000, E.g. (An IT vision for a five-year period should be envisaged (Second Administrative Reforms Commission, each ministry or department should get website designed.)
Objectives of E Governance
  • One of the basic objectives of e-governance is to make every information of the government available to all in the public interest.
  • One of its goals is to create a cooperative structure between the government and the peopleand to seek help and advice from the people, to make the government aware of the problems of the people.
  • To increase and encourage people’s participation in the governance process.
  • e-Governance improves the country’s information and communication technology and electronic media, with the aim of strengthening the country’s economy by keeping governments, people and businesses in tune with the modern world.
  • One of its main objectives is to establish transparency and accountability in the governance process.
  • To reduce government spending on information and services.
Goals of e-governance
  • Empower people through information
  • Transparency and accountability
  • Improve efficency with government
  • Improve interface with bussiness & Industry
  • Better Service Delivery to citizen
Significance:
  • According to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, e-governance should enable seamless access to information anda seamless flow of information across the state and central government in the federal set-up'. E.g. GST Network, CCTNS, NATGRID.
  • It can intervene in a planned manner especially with respect to an underdeveloped area where such interventions are sought and are inevitable. E.g Aspirational district. (Development of underdevelopment area).
  • It increases the reach of Government both Geographically and Demographically.
  • It is essence for ensure SMART Governance and FAT Governance.
  • It increases Machine- Human interface with efficiency and achieve the Targeted goal (SDG-2030).
  • It was recognized as one of the tool to achieve Good governance by developed nations in 1990's.
  • UN and other institution recognized that, divide between Developed and developing countries can solve by means of introducing ICT in those nation on delivery of Public services.
  • In South Asian nation it was Asian development Bank in association with South Asian countries especially India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka involved in a project-based partnership.
  • SASEC Information Highway Project (SASEC IH) The South Asian Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) group conceptualized an initiative called Information Highway Project in 2011. This project uses the model of e governance.
  • Information Highway Project has three components - Village Network (VN), Regional Network (RN), and SASEC Research and Training Network (RTN). It allows high-speed connectivity access to rural communities in the region. These have provided optical fibre-based network to the rural communities of this region.
  • It allows high-speed connectivity access to rural communities in the region.
  • It provides service in three vital areas of
    • Education through ICT,
    • Rural development and promotion of business through ICT and
    • Telemedicine.
  • There are a total of 31 distance learning courses which have been developed. Students in the region can have access to these courses by Citizen e-centres (called Common Service Centres in India). A full course on information security, basics of farming, etc.,

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