Company Rule

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Regulating Act 1773:

  • Governor of Bengal to ‘Governor-General of Bengal’ (Lord Warren Hastings). Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate.
  • Supreme Court at Calcutta (1774) [Chief justice + 3 other judge]
  • Prohibited the servants in any private trade.
  • Requiring the Court of Directors.
Amending Act 1781
  • Jurisdiction of the Supreme court was settled.
  • Excluded the revenue matters & matters arising in the collection of revenue from the jurisdiction of SC.
Pitts India Act 1784
  • Court of Directors – Commercial affairs.
  • Board of Control/Department of state (7 Commissioners) – Political affairs
  • ‘British possessions in India’.
  • Governor general council reduced to 3 members.
The Act of 1786
  • 1786, Lord Cornwallis, Governor – General of Bengal.
  • Power to override the decision of his council.
  • Commander-in-Chief.
Charter act 1793
  • Overriding power - to all future Governor-Generals and Governors of Presidencies.
  • Extended the Trade monopoly another 20 years.
  • Commander-in-Chief was not to be a member of the Governor-General’s council, unless he was so appointed.
  • Members of the Board of Control to be paid out of the Indian revenues.
Charter Act 1813
  • Abolishes the trade monopoly. Monopoly over trade in tea and trade with China.
  •  “British territories in India”
  • Christian missionaries & Spread of western education.
  • Sum of one lakh of rupees annually for the improvement of literature.
  • Local Governments in India to impose taxes on persons.
Charter Act 1833
  • Governor general of Bengal to the Governor General of India. [William Bentick].
  • EIC - Purely administrative body.
  • Deprived the Governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers
  • Law commission was established.
  • Addition of fourth member (Law member) in Governor-general Council for legislative purposes. Macaulay was the first law member.
  • Open competition for selection of civil servants.
  • By Act V of 1843 slavery was abolished in India.
  • Indians should not be debarred from holding any place, office and employment under the Company - provision was negated after opposition from the Court of Directors.
The Charter act 1853
  • For the first time this act separates the function of the executive and legislative function the Governor General’s council.
  • It provided for addition of six new members called legislative councillors to the council. (Law member as permanent member + Chief Justice + Judge of Calcutta supreme court and four local representatives from Bombay, Madras, Calcutta, and the North Western provinces).
  • It introduced an open competition of civil servants. Open to the Indians also. (According to Macaulay Committee).

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