Causes of poverty & Concerns which prevents the successful implementation of programme

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Causes of poverty Individualistic

  • Low level of education
  • Infirmity, ill health
Economy-wide problems
  • Low capital formation
  • Lack of infrastructure
  • Lack of demand
  • Pressure of population
  • Lack of social/welfare nets
Other causes
  • Social, economic, political inequality
  • Social exclusion
Other Causes of Poverty
  • Colonial Past
  • Corruption
  • Rural Indebtness
  • Gender Inequality
  • Lack of Understanding of Nature of poverty
Approaches by Govt-Dimension
  • Growth oriented approach
  • Self-Employment
  • Provision of minimum basic amenities
Programmes by Government to tackle Poverty
Growth oriented approach
  • Trickle Down Approach
  • Focus in the 1950s-1960s
  • Rapid industrial development
  • Transformation of agriculture through green revolution
  • But not impressive due to population growth
Specific Poverty Alleviation Program
  • Incomes and Employment for the poor could be raised through the creation of additional assets and by means of work generation
  • Initiated from third five-year plan (1961-66)
  • Expanding self-employment programmes
  • PMRY, SJSRY, SHG
  • Wage Employment Programme (e.g. MGNREGA)
Provision of basic amenities to people
  • Starts from fifth five-year plan
  • India is pioneer in world to envisage through Public Expenditure on social consumption needs.
  • Provision of Food grain at subsidised rate, education, water supply, sanitation, etc.,
  • living standard improved.
  • Three major programmes
    • Public Distribution System (PDS)
    • Integrated Child development scheme
    • Pradan Mantri Gram Swarojgar Yojana
    • National Social Assistance Programmme 

Concerns which prevents the successful implementation of programmes

  • Unequal distribution of land
  • Amount of resources allocated is not sufficient
  • Programmes mainly depend on government and bank officials.
  • Since such officials are ill motivated, inadequately trained, corruption prone and vulnerable to pressure from local elites.
  • Leakages
  • Non participation of local level institution.
  • Without active participation of the people.
  • Problems in Identification of beneficiary.

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