Ground water – karst topography (Extensively covered with dolomites & limestone).

-
  • Ground water are Erosion of landmasses and evolution of landforms.
  • Downward and horizontal movement of water which causes the rocks to erode.
  • Rocks like limestones or dolomites rich in calcium carbonate, the surface water as well as groundwater through the chemical process of solution and precipitation deposition develop varieties of landforms.
  • Two processes of solution and precipitation are active in limestones or dolomites occurring either exclusively or interbedded with other rocks.
  • Action of Groundwater through the process of Solution and deposition is called Karst topography.
Erosional Landforms
Pools, Sinkholes, Lapies and Limestone Pavements
  • Small to medium sized round to sub-rounded shallow depressions called swallow holes form on the surface of limestones.
  • Sinkhole – Funnel-shaped. Common in limestone/karst areas. (Area: few sq.m to ha, Depth less than half meter to 30 m).
  • Bottom of a sinkhole forms the roof of a void or cave underground; it might collapse leaving a large hole opening into a cave or a void below (Doline - collapse sinks)
  • Sink holes and dolines join together because of slumping of materials along their margins or due to roof collapse of caves, long, narrow to wide trenches called valley sinks or Uvalas form.
  • Ridges or lapis (Turn into smooth lomestone pavements) form due to dif ferential solution activity along parallel to sub-parallel joints.
Caves
  • Limestone dissolves and long and narrow to wide gaps called cavesresult.
  • Caves having openings at both the ends are called tunnels.
Depositional Landforms
Stalactites, Stalagmites and Pillars
  • Stalactites - broad at their bases and taper towards the free ends.
  • Stalagmites - rise up from the floor of the caves. shape of a column, a disc.
  • The stalagmite and stalactites eventually fuse to give rise to columns and pillars of different diameters.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Indian Painting - Pre History

-
Image
    History and Evolution of Painting in India - An Overview India has a long tradition of artistic excellence and painting is one of the major mediums that has been used to express it. There is several evidence suggesting that painting flourished in India since ancient times. Archaeologists have found wall paintings in parts of India, which suggest that even the early historic man in India was engaged in activities of art and leisure The history of painting can be traced through the ancient and medieval period where the books were illustrated with paintings Then came the miniature style that dominated the Mughal and Rajput courts. With the coming of the Europeans, the art of painting and engraving took a western turn. Modern painters experimented with styles, colours and designs. Many Indian painters have gained worldwide recognition and are winning prizes and accolades for their vision. Principles of Painting The history of paintings can be known from primitive rock paintings of Bhim
Read more

Classification of Indian Paintings

-
Image
    Classification of Indian Paintings Indian Paintings have been broadly classified into two. Mural Paintings Miniature Paintings Mural Paintings The work on the walls or a solid structure are referred to as Murals. These have existed in India since ancient times and can be dated between 10th century BC and 10th century AD. The evidence of such paintings can be found at several locations in India. The beauty and the exquisiteness of mural paintings can be seen in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh Caves, Sittanavasal Caves and Kailash Temple in Ellora. Most of the mural paintings are either in natural caves or in rock cut chambers. The paintings follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. Mural paintings were also made to adorn any mundane premise. For e.g. Ancient theatre room in Jogimara Caves. Ajanta Cave Paintings One of the oldest surviving murals of Indian sub-continent, Ajanta caves were carved between 2nd century BC to 5th c
Read more

Solar system

-
Image
Galaxy Gravitational bound system of star, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. Ex: Milky way. A galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars. Our solar system is a part of the milky way galaxy. Our Milky way galaxy was named “Akash ganga”. There are millions of galaxies that make the Universe. Distance galaxy: GN-z11 (March 2016) Hubble classification Eliptical (E) Spiral (S): Andromeda & Sombrero (unbarred) Lenticular Celestial bodies: Sun, Moon. Two types: Emit light (Star), Don’t Emit Light (Planets) North Star – Pole Star – Indicates north Direction Constellations (Group of star) – 88 Official Ursa Major – Big Dipper Tail – Alioth – Brightest in Ursa Major Saptarishi Mandal Polaris – Brightest in Ursa Minor The Sun Made up of extremely hot gases. The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth. 30 times greater than Earth. Black hole – It absorb light but does not emit due to high gravitational force. Corona – Outer surface of the sun (About 6000 k) S
Read more